Investment discussions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1537 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? GENERAL INVESTMENTS DISCUSSIONS 1 All investors must make a decision whether to use hybrid, active or passive portfolio management system while investing in stocks and securities. The type of management system that an individual chooses can determine the success or failure of the person making the investments. Active and passive strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages. One main advantage of passive strategy is that little work is required, and the fees charged are low. This is because an investor does not have the need to pay portfolio managers and security analysts to carry out a research on the stocks, and make decisions for the investor (Barnes, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment discussions" essay for you Create order Wieland (2010) denotes that a passive investment strategy has a rate of return of 7% per annum. This, Wieland (2010) denotes that is the main disadvantage of a passive investment strategy. That is, an investor will not get a high return for his or her investments. Barnes (2009) denotes that an active strategy will incorporate a method in which an investor seeks to buy bonds or stocks expecting a high return. On this basis, its main advantage over passive strategy is that an investor can acquire unlimited return. However, this method is very expensive, and there is no guarantee of success. It is important to denote that approximately 80% of actively managed stocks usually underperform (Barnes, 2009). Those that perform well are not consistent over the years. On this basis, the best form of portfolio management is the hybrid system. This is because it is a combination of the passive and active investments strategies (Wieland, 2010). On this note, the hybrid system combines the advantages of these two investments strategies, as well as mitigating their disadvantages. Question Number Two: Toporowski (2010) denotes that one major strength of a projected P/E is its ability to explain the degree of confidence upon which investors have on a company. Toporowski (2010) further denotes that a P/E which is low in value will imply that investors do not have confidence with the company. On the other hand, a P/E which is high will denote that investors have confidence with the company. Investors will therefore purchase the various securities and stocks of these companies. On this note, the projected P/E ratio provides a guideline in which investors will know a company that performs well or not. However, the P/E ration has limitations. This is because the P/E ratio uses earnings as its indicator. It is important to denote it is possible to manipulate the earnings of a company. On this note, it is therefore possible to distort the P/E ratio of a company (Toporowski, 2010). However, one disadvantage of P/E is that it does not factor in the debts of the company; in fact, it only puts an emphasis on the price and market capitalization of the company under consideration. CAPE on the other hand is a technique which has the capability of predicting long term returns of a financial investment/security. However, it is unable to predict short term returns on a financial investment (Madura, 2012). Question Number Three: Grannum (2012) denotes that high frequency market leads to an increase in volatility. This in turn leads to a high liquidity in the securities market (Grannum, 2012). An increase in liquidity that is brought forth by high volatility is not a good thing for the securities market. This is because it increases speculations, which in turn will either reduce or increase the prices of the stocks or financial securities. It is important to denote that an increase in volatility increases the levels of changes of a stock. This is a conducive atmosphere for speculative trading to take place (Lee, 2011). This unpredictable change is therefore not conducive for an investor, therefore adding volatility by adding liquidity is not justified. This unpredictable change in the stock prices are brought about by speculative investor (Grannum, 2012) . It is also important to denote that fast-paced trading at the market is disadvantageous to other participants. This is because an order can be bought or sold before these people make a bid or request for the order under consideration. Flash orders on the other hand involves sending a certain stocks to certain investors such as banks, or even hedge funds before those shares are rolled out at the securities market. However, this service is controversial, with some investors accusing the stock exchanges of creating two markets, and being biased to another. They also denote that flash orders promote the trading ahead of orders by a small number of selected investors (Lee, 2011). However, it is important to denote that flash orders help to create liquidity, and they are in no means upfront trading. This is because they only last a matter of seconds, and this is enough for firms using a high frequency trading technique to respond. Flash orders are also small in number, and they cannot make any significant change in the market (Lee, 2011). Even though controversial, this technique of trading is legal under regulation 602 of stock market rules. Question Number Four: Greater openness by the Fed is a good issue, and this is because by communicating, the Fed is giving guidance to investors on how to invest, and the performance of the economy. Through better communication, the Federal Reserve will help the actors of the market to make good investments decisions, ensuring a return to their investments. Take for example when the Federal Reserve denotes that it is going to keep interests at a very low rate for a long period of time. By giving out this information, monetary organizations will be willing to lend money to people at a very lower rate (Hens and Rieger, 2010). It is important to denote that the Federal Reserve will always create some market waves through the information that they provide. This is because such kind of information will always affect the future of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s monetary market. But, it is also important to denote that failing to provide the information under consideration will lead to uncertainties amongst investors. On this note, they will try to make their investment decisions through guesswork (Kaeppel, 2009). Hen and Rieger (2010) observe that these traders will not like it if the Federal Reserve fails to provide relevant information concerning the performance of the economy. This is because they depend on the information provided to make investment decisions (Hens and Rieger, 2010). To balance the various concerns regarding recession and inflation, the Federal Reserve should create policies that will help them monitor how people are spending their money, at the same time creating a policy that will encourage people to save some of their monies. Question Number Five: In my own opinion, the use of derivative is beneficial to the market. This is because if they are used effectively, derivatives can help investors to make profits from rate shifts in the currency exchange, changes in equity markets, and interest rates, and from changes in the international supply and demand of agricultural commodities and industrial metals. It is important to denote that there are two major benefits of derivatives, namely risk management and price discovery (Kawai and Prasad, 2011). Under price discovery, it is important to denote that the market prices of various stocks depend on the continuous movement of information. Information on factors such as debt default, refugee displacement, climatic conditions, environmental factors and political situations play a role in influencing the future prices of stocks. Information concerning these factors and the manner in which people absorb this type of information constantly affects the future price of the commodity under consideration (Sabalot, 2012). This is an aspect referred to as price discovery. It is important to denote that some derivative contracts are always based on these stocks. Another important function of the derivative market is the risk management role. Risk management refers to the process of identifying the desired and actual levels of risks, and altering the actual level of risk, to be equal to the desired level of risks. This process of risk management can fall under the categories of speculation and hedging. Hedging is referred to as a strategy or reducing risks by holding a market position. Speculation on the other hand refers to predicting the manner in which a market will move. Speculation, hedging and derivatives are an effective methods of managing risks by investors. References: Barnes, P. (2009). Stock market efficiency, insider dealing and market abuse. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Grannum, S. D. (2012). Securities arbitration 2012. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute. Hens, T., Rieger, M. O. (2010). Financial economics. Berlin: Springer. Kaeppel, J. (2009). Seasonal stock market trends the definitive guide to calendar-based stock market trading. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Kawai, M., Prasad, E. (2011). Financial market regulation and reforms in emerging markets. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Lee, R. (2011). Running the worlds markets the governance of financial infrastructure. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Madura, J. (2012). International financial management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Sabalot, D. A. (2012). Butterworths securities financial services law handbook (13th ed.). London: LexisNexis. Toporowski, J. (2010). Why the world economy needs a financial crash and other critical essays on finance and financial economics. London: Anthem Press. Wieland, V. (2010). The science and practice of monetary policy today the Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics 2007. New York: Springer.

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1408 Words

Imagine being persecuted for something you had no control over. Ever since 1692 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts where the idea of â€Å"witch-hunts† originated, several groups across the world have been persecuted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or other unsupported reasons. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the witch-hunts that took place during Puritan times are specifically targeted and serve as the focus point throughout the course of the story. Aside from the main plot points of the play, Miller also comments on a period in the 1950s during the Cold War when people who were thought to have been communists were persecuted against and deemed guilty without substantial evidence. These so-called â€Å"witch-hunts† stemmed from periods of fear and racism, and people were victimized with no way to prove themselves. Based on the outcome of multiple historical events throughout the course of history, â€Å"witch-hunts† are not justified o r needed to achieve justice or establish order in society. One prime example of a historical â€Å"witch-hunt† is the Negro Holocaust, a period in the late 1800s and early 1900s where African Americans were lynched by white people based on their skin color. Between 1880 and 1930, a period known as the Lynching Era occurred throughout the United States where thousands of African Americans were discriminated against by white supremacist groups. Black men, women, and children alike all met their deaths at the hands of white mobs. This kind ofShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustr ating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characteriza tion to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes Essay Example For Students

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? Essay Why do we need taxes?Taxation makes up majority of our governments income. With this income the government can provide us with proper infrastructure and social services for little, if no cost at all. These include Medicare, social security and education. (These facilities are known as recurrent expenditures because it is needed time after time.) Other expenditures include transportation, lighting, recreation etc. These services are granted to us at no costs. In many 3rd world countries where taxation is low or doesnt exist, all of these services are to come out of ones own pocket. Over the many centuries, in which taxation was existent, people have cheated and avoided paying these taxes. Nowadays people with high-income put their money into trusts, superannuation, or incorporate it into businesses. Businesses would try and receive more cash transactions. This has led to a decrease in our governments revenues, thus leading to a tax reform in hope of a more effective result. What makes a good tax system?There are four elements in a successful tax system. They are effectiveness, efficiency, equitability, and simplicity. 1) Effectiveness: is the performance compared to the desired effect. E.g. the number of people who pays tax, how much tax is received. 2) Efficiency: is the cost of running the system. The system may be very effective with a million tax officers, but it would cost millions to hire so many people. 3) Equitability: is the fairness of the system. This is an impossible goal to achieve. From different peoples point of views, the system will always be unfair to them in some way. Not to mention the tax cheats. The best solution is to broaden the number of people who pay the tax, which is only fair. 4) Simplicity: A tax system should never be too complexed, it is otherwise not efficient neither understandable. The income tax Act that just started off at just 120 pages in 1936 is now over 3300 pages and has doubled in size over the last 7 years. A complex system means that those who can afford expensive tax advice minimize their tax. But those that cant, pay the full share. It is impossible to have a system where all four elements are satisfactory. Where a system may be effective and efficient it will not be equitable or simple. It is impossible to fit the whole population all under one roof. Under these circumstances the government proposed a new way of taxation- GST. What is GST?GST is a tax on the goods and services that each and everyday households consume. Tax is collected at each stage of production and distribution, but a credit is given for the GST on inputs. Refunds are given for GST on exports. Therefore, only households bear this tax. Australia currently has a WST in p lace of a GST. WST is whole sales tax this tax is levied on the whole sale price and is collected by wholesalers. A GST is in fact a VAT-value added tax. Meaning it is levied at each stage of production and distribution. Over one hundred countries in the world have a GST/VAT, but only six nations including Australia have a WST. The advantages and disadvantages of a GSTIt is hard to say whether the GST is favorable or adverse because the government hasnt yet proposed the whole system, the exemptions and the exact figures of taxation. The following is only speculation by the many supporters and those who disapprove. ADVANTAGES1) Lower taxes means business can buy and sell more competitively overseas. 2) The higher cost of prices will slow down inflation. 3) At each level of production and sale, except sale to a consumer, a rebate is claimable. The paperwork for these claims helps to enforce compliance. This would also stop tax evasion. 4) It will hit the black economy because the money earned will be used for consumption. 5) Replace existing distortional indirect taxes6) Prices on some good and services will fall instead of rising. E.g. petrol7) Less income tax gives people more incentive to work. 8) The reduction in many taxes that were of a heavy burden to businesses will be abolished thus giving the businesses more power to employ extra workers. These taxes include the WST and many other excise duties such as the taxes on many house hold goods. 10) The GST will be able to with stand tomorrows many challenges which the current system will not be able to handle. E.g. an aging population. 11) Current indirect taxes are levied on a limited array of goods, which are a declining proportion of household budgets. This problem can be solved only with a broad-based tax system such as the GST. Social Issues Essaythere should be no increase in the overall tax burdenany new taxation system should involve major reductions in personal income tax with special regard to the taxation treatment of familiesconsideration should be given to broad-based indirect tax to replace some or all of the existing indirect taxesThere should be appropriate compensation for those deserving of special consideration andReform of Commonwealth/State financial relations must be addressed. The Prime minister has indicated that before the next election, the Australian public will have a clear idea of the governments plans for modernization and reform of Australias taxation system. In all, people believe Australia should have a tax reform. The current system does have too many loopholes for cheats to fit in. A GST may be an idealistic idea but not realistic for the time being. Through the 1992 election between Mr. Keating and Dr. Hewson, it is clear that the public fears the GST. It could be that most are not sure what it really is. There is need for time and education about GST, allowing voters to understand it. Until then, its going to be a long harsh process planning and considering all the aspects of a healthy and fair taxation system.

Nature and Importance of Management Accounting Free Sample

Questions: 1.Explain the Nature and Importance of Management Accounting, and the Current Roles and Responsibilities of Management Accountants in Contemporary Business Organizations. 2.Identify and Analyse Ethical and Organisational Issues Confronting Contemporary Management Accountants. Answers: Introduction Management accounting has been delineated in diverse approaches, despite if by depicting its responsibilities or revealing its targets and modus operandi. By and large, it could be wonderful that the usual implication of management accounting represents management accounting since the reality of making figures available to the chiefs; therefore management accountants were thought-out to be only the figures suppliers. Then again, in the latest studies, management accountants are seen as leaders and joining forces of management persons. A lot of the roles in the accounting division require a predefined level of proficiency proportionate with a bachelor grade or higher education. In a few of the cases applicable know-how and/or on-the-job training might also be needed along with the formal education (based on the ANZSCO Skill Level 1). I. Nature and importance of management accounting The motivation behind management accounting in the firm is to bolster focused leadership by assembling, preparing, and conveying figures that assists management plan, control, and appraises business actions and business performance. The fascinating thing regarding management accounting is that it is not easy to locate somebody in a business that has the designation of "management accountant." Usually several persons act like accountants in the firm, however these persons normally work like the internal auditors, costs accountants, taxation accountants, or budgetary accountants. In any case, the competence to form and exploit great management accounting (which is much more than just the item costing prepared by cost accountants) is truly an essential competence for some persons, together with finance specialists, operational and promotion directors, top management, and IT people. Current roles and responsibilities of management accountants in contemporary business organizations In general, in a big-size firm, all departments have a chief accountant known as the controller; in addition to a significant element of the management accounting that is performed in these departments goes which is administered by the controller. Nevertheless, the controller as a rule, has to report to the Vice President (Finance) for the department who, is then reporting to the finance subdivisions leader or potentially the chief finance officer (CFO). This group is accountable for the communication regarding valuable accounting figures that forms basis of great plans, controls, and measurement work that ensues within the firm. Management accounting has a vital part in modern businesses. The top accountant in lots of firm is the controller. every one of accounting capacities have to report in to this person, together with the cost accountants, the taxation accountants, the inside reviewers, auditing teams and work force in system supports. Despite the truth that a good deal of management accounting begins in these posts, all chiefs in the firm have to see how to formulate and exploit great management accounting figures. In all, Management accounting is additionally influenced by huge enhancements in technology and improvement. The modern innovation authorizes the management to record the execution figures that are much more than the cost-based figures of past general ledgers. The effective management accounting has a duty to take care of a wide set of lots of critical figures. Subsequently, the people who create and use management accounts have to expect and be ready to cope up with various moral issues. Nevertheless it can be stated that the management accounting is not only for the manufacturing firms. Administration, servicing and marketing businesses demonstrate a substantially bigger subdivision of the Australian market than does the assembling trade. Moreover, the appearance of the Internet and web based trading is leading to huge changes to lots of firms and projects. 2.Recognize and evaluate ethical and organisational issues confronting contemporary management accountants. The same for 20 jobs listed underneath have been segregated into 7 broad heads: No. Position Title Position Requirements (selection criteria, responsibilities, etc.) Cost and Management Accounting Criteria Required for Position Key Requirements for the position: 1. Management accountants They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. - Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities 2. Cost accountants Cost accountants are accountable for budgeting, cost managing, performance assessment and asset managing inside a business or firm. They classically team up as element of a decision-making team to generate a financial plan for the firm. Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 3. Divisional management accounting The divisional manager is accountable for the funded project's generally programmatic and financial course. In that responsibility, he or she should make a decision how best to assign the accessible financial resources to productively perform the project acts, and might need the department's support with the habitual formalities linked to the responsibility and expenses of finances and in the usual assessment of the project's financial position. Project management Budgeting Financial management 4. Senior co-ordinator Budgeting on quarterly and yearly basis Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Budgeting Joint ventures Performance analysis 5. Financial accountant Managing finance, budgets, teams of financing managers Maintain confidentiality and precision Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 6 Book keeper Quick, and analytical Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Maintain records of the business 7. ERM manager They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. -Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability Experienced in ERM MBA in finance Application of ERm Management accountants have to act morally. They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. The Institution of Management Accountants (IMA) has created four models of moral expert behaviour. The IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice has been adored as the focal system of morals for management accountants. Ability Maintain a fitting level of expert mastery by consistently gaining information and abilities. Give the choice decision support details and implications that are accurate apparent, compact, and opportune Identify and convey proficient confinements or different limitations that would rule out dependable opinion or successful carrying out of an action. Secrecy Keep data secret with the exception of when divulgence is approved or lawfully needed. Notify all important stakeholders with respect to proper utilization of private data. Keep track of the subordinates' acts to guarantee consistence. Avoid the use of classified data for exploitative or illicit benefit. Trustworthiness Mitigate genuine irreconcilable circumstances; consistently speak with business partners to prevent clear irreconcilable circumstances. Inform all stakeholders with respect to any possible clashes. Abstain from taking part in any behaviour that would lead to bias completing obligations morally. Stay away from taking part in or supporting whichever action that may dishonour the occupation (Miller, 2010). Believability Communicate data logically and unbiasedly. Inform about all chief data that could judiciously be relied upon to influence a targeted client's conception of the reports, assessments, or suggestions. Inform about the deferrals or inadequacies in data, convenience, preparing, or inside controls in conformance with business approach and additionally relevant law Seek.com.au is the webpage which has majority of these posts. The positions are termed as cost accountant Financial accountants and just accountants also. Private sector is the common sector providing these openings. The common skills and key responsibilities are: Summary of the key Responsibilities: Working all over specialty units to give and build up the corporation's Strategic Plan Produce month to month reporting packs including planning, forecasting, variance investigation and KPI's Offer latest Product/procedure costing and investigation Develop, enhance and keep up the cost accounting models Re-examine project exhibitions, giving investigation on outcomes Process upgrades and report computerization Impromptu reporting and investigation where needed Summary of Key Requirements for the position: CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities A management accountant had to present and keep up accounting frameworks. He advises on the choice and appliance of the innovative and latest accounting frameworks. He has to maintain the internal control systems and he might assess cash flow and monetary risk of capital investment ventures (Groen, Wouters, Wilderom, 2016). As per the analysis, the management accountant is one who has to keep track of the business earnings and expenses but also hold a position with noteworthy accountability and influence. A management accountant's job roles, skill set and prescribed educational needs have to be aligned to the professional titles that can assist the individual to get the position and go ahead. The skills and educational qualification have to be combined to climb the career ladder in the management accounting jobs. Out of the given 5 websites, www.seek.com.au/jobs had the maximum number of jobs available in this area, More or less the requirements of all these jobs had been same in terms of ethical roles and responsibilities, even though the job qualifications and experiences differ as per the need of the open position and company. Other webpages have a complicated framework and fetch very few related jobs, so seek.com.au is a preffered web page to look for the jobs. Conclusion As per the analysis of the openings posted on different websites, the role of accountant is to plan, survey and oversee accounting frameworks and methods, examinations the money related data needs of associations, gives counsel on budgetary arranging and hazard management, and furnishes management with reports to aid basic leadership ("1220.0 ANZSCO, 2017). He has to give knowledge into cost execution and bolster the usage of benchmarking and change activities. Enlistment or licensing is compulsory. The accountant plays a major role by helping with planning budgetary and accounting arrangements. He gets ready the money related proclamations for meetings with shareholders, the board of executives, governing bodies, management and statutory bodies. The accountant has to carry out money related examinations, get ready reports, undertake reviews and advise on various financial issues, for example, the buying and selling of the businesses, mergers, funding for capital assets, insolvency, so- called deceptions, tax concerns etc. He is the one who has to look at working expenses and firms incomes and expenditures. He has to give the confirmation regarding the precision of data contained in budgetary reports and their consistence with statutory necessities. He is responsible for the making of tax returns for people and businesses and also giving the taxation suggestions. He can look into the finances of the business and provide with the appropriate suggestions. He has to liaise with the financial agencies and brokers so that the business can get the needed funds. So the role of a management accountant is a crucial one in the contemporary firms ("ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia", 2017). References 1220.0 - ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1. (2017). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Product+Lookup/1220.0~First+Edition,+Revision+1~Chapter~UNIT+GROUP+2211+Accountants ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia. (2017). Anzscosearch. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.anzscosearch.com/221112 Groen, B., Wouters, M., Wilderom, C. (2016). Employee participation, performance metrics, and job performance: A survey study based on self-determination theory. Management Accounting Research. Miller, D. (2010): The Generic Strategy Trap. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol.13, Issue 1, pp.37-41