Investment discussions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1537 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? GENERAL INVESTMENTS DISCUSSIONS 1 All investors must make a decision whether to use hybrid, active or passive portfolio management system while investing in stocks and securities. The type of management system that an individual chooses can determine the success or failure of the person making the investments. Active and passive strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages. One main advantage of passive strategy is that little work is required, and the fees charged are low. This is because an investor does not have the need to pay portfolio managers and security analysts to carry out a research on the stocks, and make decisions for the investor (Barnes, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment discussions" essay for you Create order Wieland (2010) denotes that a passive investment strategy has a rate of return of 7% per annum. This, Wieland (2010) denotes that is the main disadvantage of a passive investment strategy. That is, an investor will not get a high return for his or her investments. Barnes (2009) denotes that an active strategy will incorporate a method in which an investor seeks to buy bonds or stocks expecting a high return. On this basis, its main advantage over passive strategy is that an investor can acquire unlimited return. However, this method is very expensive, and there is no guarantee of success. It is important to denote that approximately 80% of actively managed stocks usually underperform (Barnes, 2009). Those that perform well are not consistent over the years. On this basis, the best form of portfolio management is the hybrid system. This is because it is a combination of the passive and active investments strategies (Wieland, 2010). On this note, the hybrid system combines the advantages of these two investments strategies, as well as mitigating their disadvantages. Question Number Two: Toporowski (2010) denotes that one major strength of a projected P/E is its ability to explain the degree of confidence upon which investors have on a company. Toporowski (2010) further denotes that a P/E which is low in value will imply that investors do not have confidence with the company. On the other hand, a P/E which is high will denote that investors have confidence with the company. Investors will therefore purchase the various securities and stocks of these companies. On this note, the projected P/E ratio provides a guideline in which investors will know a company that performs well or not. However, the P/E ration has limitations. This is because the P/E ratio uses earnings as its indicator. It is important to denote it is possible to manipulate the earnings of a company. On this note, it is therefore possible to distort the P/E ratio of a company (Toporowski, 2010). However, one disadvantage of P/E is that it does not factor in the debts of the company; in fact, it only puts an emphasis on the price and market capitalization of the company under consideration. CAPE on the other hand is a technique which has the capability of predicting long term returns of a financial investment/security. However, it is unable to predict short term returns on a financial investment (Madura, 2012). Question Number Three: Grannum (2012) denotes that high frequency market leads to an increase in volatility. This in turn leads to a high liquidity in the securities market (Grannum, 2012). An increase in liquidity that is brought forth by high volatility is not a good thing for the securities market. This is because it increases speculations, which in turn will either reduce or increase the prices of the stocks or financial securities. It is important to denote that an increase in volatility increases the levels of changes of a stock. This is a conducive atmosphere for speculative trading to take place (Lee, 2011). This unpredictable change is therefore not conducive for an investor, therefore adding volatility by adding liquidity is not justified. This unpredictable change in the stock prices are brought about by speculative investor (Grannum, 2012) . It is also important to denote that fast-paced trading at the market is disadvantageous to other participants. This is because an order can be bought or sold before these people make a bid or request for the order under consideration. Flash orders on the other hand involves sending a certain stocks to certain investors such as banks, or even hedge funds before those shares are rolled out at the securities market. However, this service is controversial, with some investors accusing the stock exchanges of creating two markets, and being biased to another. They also denote that flash orders promote the trading ahead of orders by a small number of selected investors (Lee, 2011). However, it is important to denote that flash orders help to create liquidity, and they are in no means upfront trading. This is because they only last a matter of seconds, and this is enough for firms using a high frequency trading technique to respond. Flash orders are also small in number, and they cannot make any significant change in the market (Lee, 2011). Even though controversial, this technique of trading is legal under regulation 602 of stock market rules. Question Number Four: Greater openness by the Fed is a good issue, and this is because by communicating, the Fed is giving guidance to investors on how to invest, and the performance of the economy. Through better communication, the Federal Reserve will help the actors of the market to make good investments decisions, ensuring a return to their investments. Take for example when the Federal Reserve denotes that it is going to keep interests at a very low rate for a long period of time. By giving out this information, monetary organizations will be willing to lend money to people at a very lower rate (Hens and Rieger, 2010). It is important to denote that the Federal Reserve will always create some market waves through the information that they provide. This is because such kind of information will always affect the future of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s monetary market. But, it is also important to denote that failing to provide the information under consideration will lead to uncertainties amongst investors. On this note, they will try to make their investment decisions through guesswork (Kaeppel, 2009). Hen and Rieger (2010) observe that these traders will not like it if the Federal Reserve fails to provide relevant information concerning the performance of the economy. This is because they depend on the information provided to make investment decisions (Hens and Rieger, 2010). To balance the various concerns regarding recession and inflation, the Federal Reserve should create policies that will help them monitor how people are spending their money, at the same time creating a policy that will encourage people to save some of their monies. Question Number Five: In my own opinion, the use of derivative is beneficial to the market. This is because if they are used effectively, derivatives can help investors to make profits from rate shifts in the currency exchange, changes in equity markets, and interest rates, and from changes in the international supply and demand of agricultural commodities and industrial metals. It is important to denote that there are two major benefits of derivatives, namely risk management and price discovery (Kawai and Prasad, 2011). Under price discovery, it is important to denote that the market prices of various stocks depend on the continuous movement of information. Information on factors such as debt default, refugee displacement, climatic conditions, environmental factors and political situations play a role in influencing the future prices of stocks. Information concerning these factors and the manner in which people absorb this type of information constantly affects the future price of the commodity under consideration (Sabalot, 2012). This is an aspect referred to as price discovery. It is important to denote that some derivative contracts are always based on these stocks. Another important function of the derivative market is the risk management role. Risk management refers to the process of identifying the desired and actual levels of risks, and altering the actual level of risk, to be equal to the desired level of risks. This process of risk management can fall under the categories of speculation and hedging. Hedging is referred to as a strategy or reducing risks by holding a market position. Speculation on the other hand refers to predicting the manner in which a market will move. Speculation, hedging and derivatives are an effective methods of managing risks by investors. References: Barnes, P. (2009). Stock market efficiency, insider dealing and market abuse. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Grannum, S. D. (2012). Securities arbitration 2012. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute. Hens, T., Rieger, M. O. (2010). Financial economics. Berlin: Springer. Kaeppel, J. (2009). Seasonal stock market trends the definitive guide to calendar-based stock market trading. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Kawai, M., Prasad, E. (2011). Financial market regulation and reforms in emerging markets. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Lee, R. (2011). Running the worlds markets the governance of financial infrastructure. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Madura, J. (2012). International financial management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Sabalot, D. A. (2012). Butterworths securities financial services law handbook (13th ed.). London: LexisNexis. Toporowski, J. (2010). Why the world economy needs a financial crash and other critical essays on finance and financial economics. London: Anthem Press. Wieland, V. (2010). The science and practice of monetary policy today the Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics 2007. New York: Springer.

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1408 Words

Imagine being persecuted for something you had no control over. Ever since 1692 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts where the idea of â€Å"witch-hunts† originated, several groups across the world have been persecuted because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or other unsupported reasons. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the witch-hunts that took place during Puritan times are specifically targeted and serve as the focus point throughout the course of the story. Aside from the main plot points of the play, Miller also comments on a period in the 1950s during the Cold War when people who were thought to have been communists were persecuted against and deemed guilty without substantial evidence. These so-called â€Å"witch-hunts† stemmed from periods of fear and racism, and people were victimized with no way to prove themselves. Based on the outcome of multiple historical events throughout the course of history, â€Å"witch-hunts† are not justified o r needed to achieve justice or establish order in society. One prime example of a historical â€Å"witch-hunt† is the Negro Holocaust, a period in the late 1800s and early 1900s where African Americans were lynched by white people based on their skin color. Between 1880 and 1930, a period known as the Lynching Era occurred throughout the United States where thousands of African Americans were discriminated against by white supremacist groups. Black men, women, and children alike all met their deaths at the hands of white mobs. This kind ofShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustr ating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characteriza tion to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes Essay Example For Students

Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes? Essay Why do we need taxes?Taxation makes up majority of our governments income. With this income the government can provide us with proper infrastructure and social services for little, if no cost at all. These include Medicare, social security and education. (These facilities are known as recurrent expenditures because it is needed time after time.) Other expenditures include transportation, lighting, recreation etc. These services are granted to us at no costs. In many 3rd world countries where taxation is low or doesnt exist, all of these services are to come out of ones own pocket. Over the many centuries, in which taxation was existent, people have cheated and avoided paying these taxes. Nowadays people with high-income put their money into trusts, superannuation, or incorporate it into businesses. Businesses would try and receive more cash transactions. This has led to a decrease in our governments revenues, thus leading to a tax reform in hope of a more effective result. What makes a good tax system?There are four elements in a successful tax system. They are effectiveness, efficiency, equitability, and simplicity. 1) Effectiveness: is the performance compared to the desired effect. E.g. the number of people who pays tax, how much tax is received. 2) Efficiency: is the cost of running the system. The system may be very effective with a million tax officers, but it would cost millions to hire so many people. 3) Equitability: is the fairness of the system. This is an impossible goal to achieve. From different peoples point of views, the system will always be unfair to them in some way. Not to mention the tax cheats. The best solution is to broaden the number of people who pay the tax, which is only fair. 4) Simplicity: A tax system should never be too complexed, it is otherwise not efficient neither understandable. The income tax Act that just started off at just 120 pages in 1936 is now over 3300 pages and has doubled in size over the last 7 years. A complex system means that those who can afford expensive tax advice minimize their tax. But those that cant, pay the full share. It is impossible to have a system where all four elements are satisfactory. Where a system may be effective and efficient it will not be equitable or simple. It is impossible to fit the whole population all under one roof. Under these circumstances the government proposed a new way of taxation- GST. What is GST?GST is a tax on the goods and services that each and everyday households consume. Tax is collected at each stage of production and distribution, but a credit is given for the GST on inputs. Refunds are given for GST on exports. Therefore, only households bear this tax. Australia currently has a WST in p lace of a GST. WST is whole sales tax this tax is levied on the whole sale price and is collected by wholesalers. A GST is in fact a VAT-value added tax. Meaning it is levied at each stage of production and distribution. Over one hundred countries in the world have a GST/VAT, but only six nations including Australia have a WST. The advantages and disadvantages of a GSTIt is hard to say whether the GST is favorable or adverse because the government hasnt yet proposed the whole system, the exemptions and the exact figures of taxation. The following is only speculation by the many supporters and those who disapprove. ADVANTAGES1) Lower taxes means business can buy and sell more competitively overseas. 2) The higher cost of prices will slow down inflation. 3) At each level of production and sale, except sale to a consumer, a rebate is claimable. The paperwork for these claims helps to enforce compliance. This would also stop tax evasion. 4) It will hit the black economy because the money earned will be used for consumption. 5) Replace existing distortional indirect taxes6) Prices on some good and services will fall instead of rising. E.g. petrol7) Less income tax gives people more incentive to work. 8) The reduction in many taxes that were of a heavy burden to businesses will be abolished thus giving the businesses more power to employ extra workers. These taxes include the WST and many other excise duties such as the taxes on many house hold goods. 10) The GST will be able to with stand tomorrows many challenges which the current system will not be able to handle. E.g. an aging population. 11) Current indirect taxes are levied on a limited array of goods, which are a declining proportion of household budgets. This problem can be solved only with a broad-based tax system such as the GST. Social Issues Essaythere should be no increase in the overall tax burdenany new taxation system should involve major reductions in personal income tax with special regard to the taxation treatment of familiesconsideration should be given to broad-based indirect tax to replace some or all of the existing indirect taxesThere should be appropriate compensation for those deserving of special consideration andReform of Commonwealth/State financial relations must be addressed. The Prime minister has indicated that before the next election, the Australian public will have a clear idea of the governments plans for modernization and reform of Australias taxation system. In all, people believe Australia should have a tax reform. The current system does have too many loopholes for cheats to fit in. A GST may be an idealistic idea but not realistic for the time being. Through the 1992 election between Mr. Keating and Dr. Hewson, it is clear that the public fears the GST. It could be that most are not sure what it really is. There is need for time and education about GST, allowing voters to understand it. Until then, its going to be a long harsh process planning and considering all the aspects of a healthy and fair taxation system.

Nature and Importance of Management Accounting Free Sample

Questions: 1.Explain the Nature and Importance of Management Accounting, and the Current Roles and Responsibilities of Management Accountants in Contemporary Business Organizations. 2.Identify and Analyse Ethical and Organisational Issues Confronting Contemporary Management Accountants. Answers: Introduction Management accounting has been delineated in diverse approaches, despite if by depicting its responsibilities or revealing its targets and modus operandi. By and large, it could be wonderful that the usual implication of management accounting represents management accounting since the reality of making figures available to the chiefs; therefore management accountants were thought-out to be only the figures suppliers. Then again, in the latest studies, management accountants are seen as leaders and joining forces of management persons. A lot of the roles in the accounting division require a predefined level of proficiency proportionate with a bachelor grade or higher education. In a few of the cases applicable know-how and/or on-the-job training might also be needed along with the formal education (based on the ANZSCO Skill Level 1). I. Nature and importance of management accounting The motivation behind management accounting in the firm is to bolster focused leadership by assembling, preparing, and conveying figures that assists management plan, control, and appraises business actions and business performance. The fascinating thing regarding management accounting is that it is not easy to locate somebody in a business that has the designation of "management accountant." Usually several persons act like accountants in the firm, however these persons normally work like the internal auditors, costs accountants, taxation accountants, or budgetary accountants. In any case, the competence to form and exploit great management accounting (which is much more than just the item costing prepared by cost accountants) is truly an essential competence for some persons, together with finance specialists, operational and promotion directors, top management, and IT people. Current roles and responsibilities of management accountants in contemporary business organizations In general, in a big-size firm, all departments have a chief accountant known as the controller; in addition to a significant element of the management accounting that is performed in these departments goes which is administered by the controller. Nevertheless, the controller as a rule, has to report to the Vice President (Finance) for the department who, is then reporting to the finance subdivisions leader or potentially the chief finance officer (CFO). This group is accountable for the communication regarding valuable accounting figures that forms basis of great plans, controls, and measurement work that ensues within the firm. Management accounting has a vital part in modern businesses. The top accountant in lots of firm is the controller. every one of accounting capacities have to report in to this person, together with the cost accountants, the taxation accountants, the inside reviewers, auditing teams and work force in system supports. Despite the truth that a good deal of management accounting begins in these posts, all chiefs in the firm have to see how to formulate and exploit great management accounting figures. In all, Management accounting is additionally influenced by huge enhancements in technology and improvement. The modern innovation authorizes the management to record the execution figures that are much more than the cost-based figures of past general ledgers. The effective management accounting has a duty to take care of a wide set of lots of critical figures. Subsequently, the people who create and use management accounts have to expect and be ready to cope up with various moral issues. Nevertheless it can be stated that the management accounting is not only for the manufacturing firms. Administration, servicing and marketing businesses demonstrate a substantially bigger subdivision of the Australian market than does the assembling trade. Moreover, the appearance of the Internet and web based trading is leading to huge changes to lots of firms and projects. 2.Recognize and evaluate ethical and organisational issues confronting contemporary management accountants. The same for 20 jobs listed underneath have been segregated into 7 broad heads: No. Position Title Position Requirements (selection criteria, responsibilities, etc.) Cost and Management Accounting Criteria Required for Position Key Requirements for the position: 1. Management accountants They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. - Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities 2. Cost accountants Cost accountants are accountable for budgeting, cost managing, performance assessment and asset managing inside a business or firm. They classically team up as element of a decision-making team to generate a financial plan for the firm. Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 3. Divisional management accounting The divisional manager is accountable for the funded project's generally programmatic and financial course. In that responsibility, he or she should make a decision how best to assign the accessible financial resources to productively perform the project acts, and might need the department's support with the habitual formalities linked to the responsibility and expenses of finances and in the usual assessment of the project's financial position. Project management Budgeting Financial management 4. Senior co-ordinator Budgeting on quarterly and yearly basis Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Budgeting Joint ventures Performance analysis 5. Financial accountant Managing finance, budgets, teams of financing managers Maintain confidentiality and precision Trained cost accountant with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in cost managing and asset management Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for decision making 6 Book keeper Quick, and analytical Maintain confidentiality and accuracy Maintain records of the business 7. ERM manager They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. -Ability -Secrecy -Trustworthiness -Believability Experienced in ERM MBA in finance Application of ERm Management accountants have to act morally. They have a responsibility to go by the maximum principles of ethical responsibility and keep up superior proficient image. The Institution of Management Accountants (IMA) has created four models of moral expert behaviour. The IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice has been adored as the focal system of morals for management accountants. Ability Maintain a fitting level of expert mastery by consistently gaining information and abilities. Give the choice decision support details and implications that are accurate apparent, compact, and opportune Identify and convey proficient confinements or different limitations that would rule out dependable opinion or successful carrying out of an action. Secrecy Keep data secret with the exception of when divulgence is approved or lawfully needed. Notify all important stakeholders with respect to proper utilization of private data. Keep track of the subordinates' acts to guarantee consistence. Avoid the use of classified data for exploitative or illicit benefit. Trustworthiness Mitigate genuine irreconcilable circumstances; consistently speak with business partners to prevent clear irreconcilable circumstances. Inform all stakeholders with respect to any possible clashes. Abstain from taking part in any behaviour that would lead to bias completing obligations morally. Stay away from taking part in or supporting whichever action that may dishonour the occupation (Miller, 2010). Believability Communicate data logically and unbiasedly. Inform about all chief data that could judiciously be relied upon to influence a targeted client's conception of the reports, assessments, or suggestions. Inform about the deferrals or inadequacies in data, convenience, preparing, or inside controls in conformance with business approach and additionally relevant law Seek.com.au is the webpage which has majority of these posts. The positions are termed as cost accountant Financial accountants and just accountants also. Private sector is the common sector providing these openings. The common skills and key responsibilities are: Summary of the key Responsibilities: Working all over specialty units to give and build up the corporation's Strategic Plan Produce month to month reporting packs including planning, forecasting, variance investigation and KPI's Offer latest Product/procedure costing and investigation Develop, enhance and keep up the cost accounting models Re-examine project exhibitions, giving investigation on outcomes Process upgrades and report computerization Impromptu reporting and investigation where needed Summary of Key Requirements for the position: CA/CPA trained or comparable with 2-5 years qualified experience Earlier involvement in a Product Costing/Manufacturing situation fundamental Knowledge of ABC/standard costing forms a particular favourable position Highly structured with solid interest for detailing Experience in examining information in excel files Excellently composed and verbal communicating abilities A management accountant had to present and keep up accounting frameworks. He advises on the choice and appliance of the innovative and latest accounting frameworks. He has to maintain the internal control systems and he might assess cash flow and monetary risk of capital investment ventures (Groen, Wouters, Wilderom, 2016). As per the analysis, the management accountant is one who has to keep track of the business earnings and expenses but also hold a position with noteworthy accountability and influence. A management accountant's job roles, skill set and prescribed educational needs have to be aligned to the professional titles that can assist the individual to get the position and go ahead. The skills and educational qualification have to be combined to climb the career ladder in the management accounting jobs. Out of the given 5 websites, www.seek.com.au/jobs had the maximum number of jobs available in this area, More or less the requirements of all these jobs had been same in terms of ethical roles and responsibilities, even though the job qualifications and experiences differ as per the need of the open position and company. Other webpages have a complicated framework and fetch very few related jobs, so seek.com.au is a preffered web page to look for the jobs. Conclusion As per the analysis of the openings posted on different websites, the role of accountant is to plan, survey and oversee accounting frameworks and methods, examinations the money related data needs of associations, gives counsel on budgetary arranging and hazard management, and furnishes management with reports to aid basic leadership ("1220.0 ANZSCO, 2017). He has to give knowledge into cost execution and bolster the usage of benchmarking and change activities. Enlistment or licensing is compulsory. The accountant plays a major role by helping with planning budgetary and accounting arrangements. He gets ready the money related proclamations for meetings with shareholders, the board of executives, governing bodies, management and statutory bodies. The accountant has to carry out money related examinations, get ready reports, undertake reviews and advise on various financial issues, for example, the buying and selling of the businesses, mergers, funding for capital assets, insolvency, so- called deceptions, tax concerns etc. He is the one who has to look at working expenses and firms incomes and expenditures. He has to give the confirmation regarding the precision of data contained in budgetary reports and their consistence with statutory necessities. He is responsible for the making of tax returns for people and businesses and also giving the taxation suggestions. He can look into the finances of the business and provide with the appropriate suggestions. He has to liaise with the financial agencies and brokers so that the business can get the needed funds. So the role of a management accountant is a crucial one in the contemporary firms ("ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia", 2017). References 1220.0 - ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations, First Edition, Revision 1. (2017). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Product+Lookup/1220.0~First+Edition,+Revision+1~Chapter~UNIT+GROUP+2211+Accountants ANZSCO 221112: Management Accountant - Australia Skilled visa - Work in Australia. (2017). Anzscosearch. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.anzscosearch.com/221112 Groen, B., Wouters, M., Wilderom, C. (2016). Employee participation, performance metrics, and job performance: A survey study based on self-determination theory. Management Accounting Research. Miller, D. (2010): The Generic Strategy Trap. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol.13, Issue 1, pp.37-41

Need WordPress Training Videos Here Are 8 of the Best Places to Get Them in 2019

High-quality WordPress tutorials are released into the world all the time. However, not all WordPress training videos are good.To help you find the ones that are, we decided to weed through the good, the bad, and the ugly to bring you our 8 favorite WordPress training videos (and courses) currently out there.These training videos will help you create an awesome WordPress blog  in a matter of minutes. Cost for Themeisle   Free!Best forBeginners looking for equally beginner-friendly tutorials.Find Themeisles YouTube Videos here.This is our own channel where we share tutorials, reviews, and roundups to help beginners get more from WordPress.2. WPCrafter.com WordPress For Non-TechiesCost for WPCrafter   Free!Best forPeople who want detailed tutorials on how to build complete WordPress sites, though Adam covers other topics, too.Find WPCrafter’s YouTube Videos here.WPCrafter is a YouTube channel and website from Adam Preiser. On his channel, Adam shares detailed tutorials on many aspects of WordPress, with a focus on how to build complete WordPress sites using page builders and other tools.The tutorials can get quite lengthy and in-depth. For example, one of Adams most popular videos is a  4.5-hour marathon on how to create an eCommerce store with WordPress.3. JavaScript for WordPress by Zac GordonCost for JavaScript for WordPress Some free content. Can purchase all premium courses for $397 per year.Best forWordPress developers who are looking to learn JavaScript deeply.Find Zac Gordon’s YouTube channel here. View courses here.JavaScript for WordPress  was created by Zac Gordon with one goal in mind: to help people learn JavaScript deeply.While anyone could take Zac’s courses (and watch his in-depth training videos), it was mainly built for website developers who don’t quite know JavaScript.Zac is trusted by developers at leading WordPress agencies and it’s safe to say that you’ll get your money’s worth lea rning from him!4. WebTegrity by Kori AshtonCost for WebTegrity Free YouTube videos, plus paid courses on their site.Best  forall types of WordPress users. WebTegrity covers a ton of different topics, so you can probably find something interesting.Find WebTegrity’s YouTube channel  here.WebTegrity releases WordPress-related videos like clockwork, every Wednesday. Their WordPress YouTube channel has over 11,000 subscribers, and they cover topics including SEO tips, WordPress how-tos, and plugin roundups.Some of their best training videos include:A roundup of the best free responsive themes  available in 2016A guide to making phone numbers clickable  in WordPressAnd a Revolution Slider review.5. WP101Cost for WP101 $49 per year after a 7-day free trialBest forWordPress beginners looking for help with specific plugins.Visit WP101 here.WP101 sells premium WordPress training videos on topics like:JetpackNinja FormsWooCommerceYoast SEOMore6. Ferdy Korpershoek YouTube Chann elCost for Ferdy Korpershoeks Channel Free!Best forall types of WordPress users, with a special focus on people who want to build a WordPress site from scratch.Find Ferdy Korpershoek’s YouTube channel  here.Ferdy typically creates and uploads multiple WordPress-related videos daily.Hes popular among his 46,000+ subscribers for his no-nonsense approach to problem-solving. Each of his videos is designed to help you solve a particular issue and boy, does he deliver!7. WPBeginner YouTube ChannelCost for WPBeginner   Free!Best forWordPress beginners!Find WPBeginner’s YouTube channel here.WPBeginner was made solely for beginners. The main goal of this site is to provide quality tips, tricks, hacks, and other WordPress resources that allow WordPress beginners to improve their site.Their YouTube channel has over 105,000 subscribers who indulge in weekly videos covering all kinds of topics such as:How to make a WordPress site privateSetting automatic backupsAnd even creati ng wedding websites.8. WPTuts by PsmegTVCost for WPTuts FreeBest foruser who need help with specific aspects of WordPress. WPTuts tutorials are usually a little more problem-focused than the general tutorials from someone like Adam @ WPCrafter.Find WPTut’s YouTube channel here.WPTuts is a slick WordPress YouTube channel, with an emphasis on guides for various plugins, most specifically page builders and WooCommerce.They currently have 31,000+ subscribers and offer multiple tutorial videos to peruse through, including:WordPress training videos for beginnersElementor Visual Page Editor tutorialsSlider Revolution tutorialsVisual Composer tutorials (updated for 2019!)And moreSide note: They’ve been creating WordPress tutorials for 10+ years. It’s safe to say you’re in good hands here!ConclusionWordPress training videos are essential to keep your website up to date (and of course, to stay on top of your competition).In this post, we presented you with 8 highl y popular WordPress training video outlets to check out. To recap, they were:ThemeisleWPCrafter by Adam PreiserJavaScript for WordPress by Zac GordonWebTegrity by Kori AshtonWP101WordPress King by Ferdy KorpershoekWP BeginnerWPTuts by PsmegTVDo you know of any other great WordPress training videos that you’d like to share with us? Let us know in the comments section below! 8 awesome spots to find #WordPress #training videos. Learn to WordPress better!

Free Essays on Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system turns against itself and attacks itself. Lupus does not have a known cause, and because of that it has no known cure. The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but scientists suspect that it is likely to be a combination of factors, people who contract lupus are probably genetically predisposed to lupus, and know that environmental factors such as infections, antibodies, ultraviolet light, extreme stress and certain drugs play a critical role in triggering lupus. Managing lupus is different from person to person. Individuals with lupus can usually live a normal life span. Medications are usually prescribed to patients, although treatment is not required at all times, but most patients will undergo some treatment. Some medications that are often prescribed for people with lupus are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunomodulating drugs. The treatment goal for lupus is to stop the immune system from attacking & destroying vital organs. Another popular treatment for lupus is simply exercising and eating right. Since we have no known cause of lupus, you cannot prevent it. It is sometimes referred to as a chronic disease because there in no cure at the moment and if a person experiences lupus’ symptoms that person will have lupus forever. One complication about lupus, is the flares that individuals will experience. People with this disease must have blood tests to predict these flares. When a lupus flare occurs, people will usually notice a return of the symptoms they experienced previously, but sometimes they will notice new symptoms. Some may be fever, swollen joints, increase in fatigue, ra... Free Essays on Lupus Free Essays on Lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system turns against itself and attacks itself. Lupus does not have a known cause, and because of that it has no known cure. The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but scientists suspect that it is likely to be a combination of factors, people who contract lupus are probably genetically predisposed to lupus, and know that environmental factors such as infections, antibodies, ultraviolet light, extreme stress and certain drugs play a critical role in triggering lupus. Managing lupus is different from person to person. Individuals with lupus can usually live a normal life span. Medications are usually prescribed to patients, although treatment is not required at all times, but most patients will undergo some treatment. Some medications that are often prescribed for people with lupus are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunomodulating drugs. The treatment goal for lupus is to stop the immune system from attacking & destroying vital organs. Another popular treatment for lupus is simply exercising and eating right. Since we have no known cause of lupus, you cannot prevent it. It is sometimes referred to as a chronic disease because there in no cure at the moment and if a person experiences lupus’ symptoms that person will have lupus forever. One complication about lupus, is the flares that individuals will experience. People with this disease must have blood tests to predict these flares. When a lupus flare occurs, people will usually notice a return of the symptoms they experienced previously, but sometimes they will notice new symptoms. Some may be fever, swollen joints, increase in fatigue, ra...

Cango Analysis Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cango Analysis Report - Research Paper Example ment deals with the process of implementation of the project related activities with regards to the process of conformation to the deadlines set towards the progress and completion of the project. It is of utmost importance to highlight that the lack of proper project management process results to the fact of duplication of efforts which leads to the process of increasing the organizational costs and thereby hampering the performance of the company (PM4DEV, 2007, p. 13). It is quite evident that the process of implementation of new technology like the ASRS is in line with the display of the project management skills of the employees of the company. 2. Better Awareness for Capabilities of new technology: It has to be increasingly taken into account, that the company officials are quite aware of the functional abilities regarding the new technology that is going to be implemented in the new company. This can be increasingly counted as a significant strong point for the company as it ca n be commonly assumed that the better availability of knowledge within the company with regards to the implementation of the new technology will help in the better and optimum utilization of the new technology in the course of implementation of the technology in the business processes of the startup company, Cango. 3. Better Identification of Needs: A very significant point of strength which is often considered critical from the perspective of an organization is increasingly highlighted in this case. It can be said that the people in the IT department of the company has a better identification of the needs in terms of the business process and this has led to the proper identification and feasibility study of the demand regarding the need for multiple ASRS and the probable benefits that the... The recommendations will definitely provide considerable amount of improvements as well as related benefits to the handling of business processes in the company besides the establishment of a proper business format for certain processes in the startup company.1.  Documentation of Problems: The process of documentation of the problems will help the company to address the issues that are being raised by the clients. Also, the process of documentation will help the company to identify and prioritize the problems on the basis of their urgency. This will also enhance the company’s ability to develop further solutions in the future, that will enable them solving similar kinds of issues when raised by the clients and customers.2.  Maintaining E-Memo: The process of lack intercommunication between inter-departments as well as intra-departments can be handled by the process of maintaining an online memo. This will streamline the process of updating team members as well as other dep artments about the progress of shared projects or assignments. This will also significantly benefit the employees by helping them to understand the priority order of assignments, and thereby help them to manage their time in a better manner.3.  Evaluation of ROI: It has to be increasingly taken into account, that there should be a proper policy regarding the process of evaluation of the investment towards the implementation of new technologies (Grembergen, 2001, p. 194). Apart from judging the functional as well as demand fulfilling abilities.

Business Law (7) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law (7) - Assignment Example Likewise, it was also emphasized that â€Å"employees bring a range of career development issues (orientation, outplacement, work, and family) in the workplace† (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2013, p. 459); as such, career development models would assist in designing policies and programs that were indicated to be instrumental in addressing these issues and at the same time, provide ways and means for professional growth. 2. Why should companies be interested in helping employees plan their careers? What benefit can companies gain? What are the risks? Companies should be interested, be involved and be committed in helping employees plan their careers because the benefits that would be accorded to the employees would reverberate in terms of higher productive and performance that is likewise beneficial to the organization. From among the benefits that the companies gain when they are involved in career planning and development are: ensured continuous supply of talented an d competent employees as exemplified from the positive image that these companies exude; higher employee morale and commitment; maintaining a highly motivated personnel; and effectively using the resources which would be instrumental in achieving organizational goals and sustaining financial success. The risks in assisting employees plan their careers are very minimal, which could include shouldering additional costs for career planning, development and management. 3. What are the 3 components of career motivation? Which is most important and why? Which is least important and why? The three components of career motivation are: career resilience, career insight, and career identity. Accordingly, career resilience is the ability of the personnel to address organizational dilemmas that affect implementation of their responsibilities. Career insight was explained as the ability of the personnel to discern their strengths and weaknesses and to relate these to the goals which they have ea rmarked for their respective careers. Finally, career identity was defined as â€Å"the degree to which employees define their personal values according to their work† (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2013, p. 448). One firmly believes that the three components are equally important; but if one were to select the most significant, it would be career resilience, or the ability of the employee to cope with the problems and challenges that are being encountered in the work setting because it takes innate skills of introspection and problem-solving to be able to resolve problems and bounce back to the level of performance expected in the organization. On the other hand, from among these components, the least important could be career identity because if the two other components are eminent, ultimately, the employee would eventually perceive personal and professional values (either consciously or subconsciously), as long as the organizational goals are effectively achieved. 4 . What is a psychological contract? How does the psychological

Understanding the Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding the Education System - Essay Example Additionally, the tuition for technical courses (such as nursing, medicine, and engineering) is extremely higher. Most university students are more likely to incur additional costs on activity fees, accommodation, supplies, and health insurance. As a result, the overall annual cost may increase to $12000. Additionally, the costs are constantly increasing when the university administration adjusts for inflation. The cost education has increased by more than 20 percent from 200 to 2012. The increase comes at a time where the median family income increases by less than 10 percent. Furthermore, the number of charities subsidizing the cost of tuition by providing scholarships to students has decreased. The competition for the limited opportunities is very stiff and results in few students attaining a college education. Moreover, a number of student loans are quite low and may fail to finance all costs. Upon graduation, the students have also to face additional challenges of attaining empl oyment and paying the student loans. The federal government has a responsibility of ensuring all high school students attain post secondary education. The government must implement policies that ensure that students obtain tuition subsidies. Furthermore, the university administrations must ensure that the cost of tuition charged to the students is fair and reasonable. The parents have a responsibility of ensuring that their children have education insurance policies to cover their education (Laura, 2013).

Designer Duties Arising from Health and Safety Legislation

Designer Duties Arising from Health and Safety Legislation Summary of designer duties determine any possible dangers that might arise when carrying out construction and maintenance in future find relevant solutions to deal with the hazards inform PSDP about significant control measures, design presumptions or remaining risks to ensure they are handled in the Safety and Health Plan collaborate with PSDP, PSCS and other designers responsible for existing safety and health plan or safety file follow the guidance from PSDP or PSCS remind client on the necessity of PSDP ensure project to be constructed is safe and will maintain safely besides fulfil the needs of health and safety legislation, according to the Safety Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 Defining design and designers Under the Regulations, design work includes the formation of drawings, particulars, specifications, calculations, the preambles and preliminaries of bills of quantities, where we can find specifications or other expressions of purpose from them, in accordance with which a project, or any part or component of a project, is to be carried out. The design process is the process of developing and preparing a design of a project from initial ideas up to a more precise specification, which often include different teams and fields at various stages throughout the project. Designers involve organisations or individuals who responsible for the design work of a project, including the design of temporary works. It is possible for them to make decisions that significantly reduce the hazards to safety and health when construction is on-going and during subsequent use and maintenance. Potential designers from various professions are: architects, civil and structural engineers, building services consultants, building surveyors, landscape architects and other design practices and individuals who assist or responsible for analysing, calculating, preparatory design work, designing, detailing, specifying and preparing bills of quantities for construction work; Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical and other related engineers who involved in the project; person who determine or modify a design, or who specify the application of certain work methods or specific materials, including client, temporary work designers, interior designers, specialist subcontractors who contribute to design work and construction materials selection Examples of temporary works are trench shoring, scaffolding, propping, working platforms, gangways and access stairs or ladders. Employers or the head of design team are designers. Areas of responsibility between various designers on a project should be outlined precisely to prevent any overlap or gaps, which cause confusion or even possible danger. The duties relating to safety and health of each designer can be formed after outlining scope of responsibility for designers. Duties of Designers According to Regulation 15(1), a designer is required to consider the general principles of prevention, relevant safety and health plan and safety file when working on design of a project. General Principles of Prevention Under Regulation 15(1), designers must consider the General Principles of Prevention that are found in Schedule 3 to the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 as well as other related Safety and Health Plan or Safety File. The Principles of Prevention are a hierarchy for reducing and eliminating risks. If applicable, the first thing to tackle in handling safety and health on construction projects at design stage is to reduce and eliminate risks. Designers should consider existing risks in certain areas of the project and relate any possible new hazards created by design process for workers in construction areas, end users and the public. General Principles of Prevention is used as a guide in reducing risks experienced during the construction process and after the project is completed. The measures in descending order of effectiveness are: risks prevention assessment of inevitable hazards dealing with risks on site adaptation of work to the person: working environment, equipment used for work, working systems, in order to prevent repetitive jobs and health risks adaptation of working place to technical development replacing risky elements, substances or working systems with those that less dangerous establishment of prevention policy related to safety, health and welfare at work that consider about technology, social factors, working organisation, environment and conditions prioritizing collective protective measures over individual protective measures providing appropriate training and guidance to employees Besides, designers should: identify any hazards in the design eliminate risks when applicable without introducing other higher risks evaluate and reduce residual hazards by using risk assessment process of the design and prioritizing collective protection supply relevant information so that other designers, contractors and the PSDP are aware of identified residual hazards and able to take action Designers should be aware of hazards that likely cause injury. They must assess design proposals critically at beginning, followed by throughout the design process, to identify the main construction safety and health issues, and include them into overall design process. The nature of risks varies depends on the type of project constructed. Designers should review the hazards before informing the PSDP when developing the design, especially for design and build contracts, where there is a large overlap in time between designing main elements of a project and the construction stage. Designers are recommended to participate in some safety and health meetings between the PSDP, PSCS, and contractor. Designers may have direct influence, and should consider other design considerations such as: choosing position and design of structures to prevent or minimise risks from known site hazards, e.g. buried services, traffic movements, contaminated ground minimise health hazards, e.g. use less hazardous materials, prevent activities that emit dangerous substances, use materials can be handled easily, design block paved areas and access areas minimise safety hazards, e.g. work at height, fragile roof site, public areas or on motorways, flammable materials; apply prefabrication to minimise dangerous work or in a controlled manner prevent hazardous aspects that cause falling or injury if work at height is unavoidable, e.g. install permanent access in the beginning; apply edge protection work on attempts that simplify the construction process, e.g. provide lifting points, weight and centre of gravity for heavy items on the items and drawings; consider temporary works needed; end bearings to slabs or beams that end-propping temporarily; design connections to ensure accuracy of assembly design to simplify maintenance and cleaning jobs in future, e.g. concern on safe permanent access; create access areas for future maintenance; utilise windows that can be cleaned from indoor; design safe plant rooms; create safe access for roof Providing Information According to Regulation 15(b), a designer requires to supply all related information in written form to project supervisors in order for them to conduct their duties. The details provided should be up-to-date so that the PSDP able to coordinate activities of designers involved in the project besides ensure the effectiveness of communication between PSCS and other duty-holders. Moreover, designers should provide relevant information on the design features that might cause risks in future construction work or maintenance. It will then be included into the Safety File by the PSDP. Completing design certificates is a way of recording agreement with these duties and keeping record of different stages throughout the design process. This ensure the safety of works carried out at different stages, besides help in design examination and communication of design assumptions between various designers. Other method can also be used as an alternative for communication, record and verification of information related to the project. This will help the PSDP to fulfil his or her co-ordination role, and will also demonstrate the designers compliance with the legislation. It is recommended that a permanent works designer should complete a permanent works design certificate with respect to the adequacy, in the context of safety and health, of their design. A permanent works designer is recommended to complete a permanent works design certificate related to the adequacy, in line with safety and health, of their design. Temporary works designers and contractors should locate their temporary works design according to the assumptions made in loadings and construction sequence. The temporary works designer is recommended to complete a temporary works design certificate in order to supply sufficient information to all parties and ensure the structure can be built safely. Completed forms are handed over to the PSDP for verification in coordinating various designers. The forms are passed to the PSCS and other relevant person afterwards. Designer Co-operation Under the Regulation 15(2), designer is required to cooperate with the project supervisors for both design process and construction stage as well as other designers, to allow them to comply with these Regulations. This can be done in terms of supplying relevant information, attending meetings or reviewing designs in order to improve the features of safety and health on site. Besides, designers ought to supply information for the PSDP to compose a Safety File. The information provided include details about plants or materials specified in the building, design assumptions, and relative calculations for the functioning, maintenance, and possible extension of the building. Designers should also determine demolition risks to the PSDP for inclusion in the Safety and Health File, these include: substantial stored energy sources, including pre- or post-tensioned members stability demands; adjustments that altered the original structure Complying with Directions According to Regulation 15(c), designers should agree with all commands from the project supervisor for both design process and construction stage, which are expressed as stated in Regulation 14 or 20, when applicable. It is possible for the PSDP or PSCS to request any designer to achieve Designers duties, so that the Project Supervisor may accomplish own duties under Construction Regulations 2006. Designers have to fulfil any reasonable requests from the PSDP or PSCS, including issues related to General Principles of Prevention or coordinating design activities among different designers. However, it is not reasonable for designers to comply with directions that they not capable of doing, or not related and controlled by them, or legally constrained from doing. If a designer failed to carry out a direction from project supervisor, the project supervisor must issue the direction in written form. When PSDP considers the designer failed to complete a confirmed written direction, they need to inform the Health and Safety Authority, Client and the person who failed to comply with the direction, by including a copy of the written direction and relevant response from the person in accordance with the direction. Once the Health and Safety Authority carry out investigation, it usually determines whether the parties involved have complied with their legal duties, before any enforcement actions are taken. The Authority will not conduct any negotiation or judgement between the parties. When an investigation commences, a designer or Project Supervisor may express any additional responses to the instruction so that consideration is given to all relevant sides in the matter. Detailed Provision of information Under Regulation 15(3), a designer has to provide relevant information in written form to project supervisor immediately when working on design of a project. This information is: hazards to the safety, health and welfare of workers related to the project, including those stated in Schedule 1 to the Regulations The significant risks are: dangerous or flammable substances involved in the design (epoxy grouts, fungicidal paints, isocyanates materials) particular problems and solutions structures that affect accessibility huge, heavy or cumbersome prefabricated objects which are difficult and risky to handle works that cannot be achieved by normal methods of tying scaffolds aspects of design and sequences of constructing or disassembling that need to be noticeable at the design stage and significant to work safely unusual stability approaches includes the type and areas to be covered by the project to allow project supervisor complies with the Regulations relevant details for project supervisor to include in the safety file aware by the designer and the safe construction of design for the project Information given should be limited to project. In the context of structural stability, design is based on: particular erection or construction sequence setting up and removal of false work, interim propping or formwork as well as the arrangement loading restrictions during construction if contractor is not aware of the factors, designers (temporary or permanent works, specialist designers) should inform the PSCS, PSDP and contractors, to ensure construction proceeds safely according to the design intent If a structure became unstable due to certain reason, the temporary works to ensure stability during the construction, alteration, or demolition of any part of the structure will be the pertinent information. Other relevant designers should be informed as well in order for them to take appropriate measures in their design to accommodate safety, health and welfare. Making Clients Aware of their Duties Under Regulation 15(4), designers should provide information to a contractor if there is no appointed project supervisor for the project according to the Regulation 15(3). Regarding to the duties of Client, a Client has no legal obligation to assign Project Supervisors in some circumstances. In this context, a designer has to provide information required under Regulation 15(3) to the appropriate contractor. According to Regulation 15(5), designers should immediately inform the client of the clients duties under Regulation 6 when they are not aware of the appointment of project supervisor in design process. Does any other Legislation Apply? Any other duty-holders who responsible to oversee a work place have to ensure the preservation of the safety, health and welfare of workers at working site, as well as others who affected by the on-going work on site. Designers may have other responsibilities besides those stated in the Construction Regulations. Safety Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 and other related legal provisions will also apply. Section 17 (2) of the Act also requires a designer of construction work to ensure that the project: is designed and qualified to be constructed safely without risking ones health can be maintained safely without risking ones health when in use obeys all respects, as appropriate, of the relevant statutory provisions.

Speech and Deception in John Miltons Paradise Lost -- Milton Paradise

Speech and Deception in Milton's Paradise Lost "Rhetoric and sophistry testify to the fact that the world in which we live is a world of speech, that the clever man can compose at will in order to trick others." 1 Speech was perhaps the most important medium for Milton.   As a blind poet, his lack of visual faculties was augmented by a renewed importance on auditory paths to enlightenment, especially the communicative.   Therefore, contemplation of dialogue in Paradise Lost becomes an essential tool for developing a correct understanding of the characters, as Milton would have intended.   Nowhere is this truer than with the character of Satan.   Throughout the text, his rhetoric exists as a window to the nature of his being, and thus evil itself.   Milton, through his depictions of Satan's communications with his comrades, the newly formed humans, and even himself (through soliloquy), shows us that evil, as incarnate in the character of Satan, cannot pursue truth, but rather must always focus on deception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Our introduction to Satan comes in a dramatic setting, a 'moralized landscape' of grandiose scale, but attention is immediately removed from striking images of a "fiery Deluge, fed With ever-burning Sulphur" (Book I, Lines 68-9) and focused upon Satan's conversation with Beà «lzebub, showing that dialogue will be the center of attention.   The core of Satan's speech to his lieutenant is his confidence in the fact that their struggle with God is not over, and that they will eventually win. All is not lost; the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might Ext... ...ey any form of truth. Works Consulted Bloom, Harold. "Milton and His Precursors." Elledge 555-68. Elledge, Scott, ed. Paradise Lost. By John Milton. 1674. New York: Norton, 1993. Fish, Stanley. "Speech in Paradise Lost." Elledge 526-36. Johnson, Samuel. "[Paradise Lost]." Elledge 482-92. Lewis, C. S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. New York: Oxford UP, 1970. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Elledge 3-304. Patrick, J. Max, and Roger H. Sundell, eds. Milton and the Art of Sacred Song. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1979. Shawcross, John T. " Deception in Paradise Lost." Patrick and Sundell 137-47. Steadman, John M. Milton's Biblical and Classical Imagery. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1984. Notes: 1 Georges Gusdorf, Speaking (La Parole) 20 (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1965)(P. Brokelman translator.)

Alternate Ending †Animal Farm Essay

Years passed. The short animal lives fled by. The time where few remembered the days before the Rebellion, except Clover, Benjamin, Moses the raven and a number of pigs. Many of the old animals have died. Few remain. Napoleon started reintroducing the very instillations of terror, the whips, knives, et cetera. The animals were surprised, yet terrified to do anything to defend, hearing the tales of slaughter from their elders. However, it was the perfect time for a certain pig. Snowball’s only son, Frosty, had lived – by being disguised as one of Napoleon’s son. He was suspected at the start, having quite a few close calls, but he soon found his true friends and comrades, and decided to set out to acomplished what his father had begun – the Rebellion upon Manor Farm. He had chosen this day to begin his operation to remove the brainwashing Napoleon had implanted upon the animals. The very night, he held a meeting where only himself, a few pig, with half the convinced brood of dogs with the rest of the animals. No one could doubt him, seeing their present life would definitely go downhill, without any changes. In just a few meetings, the animals were convinced and decided, on a certain day, they would rebel against their newest masters – the pigs. Napoleon recently had nightmares, dreaming about a time where he would be banished, exiled to the nearby woods. His conscience had been pricking him urgently, yet he dismissed it as unimportant, irrelevant. Little did he know what was coming. The day came. The animals took on the dogs easily due to the element of surprise and large numbers and the pigs were very much defenceless by themselves. The traitors were not killed, but exiled, just as vividly as the dream Napoleon had. One thing is for sure, it would not end here, yet. There was much to be changed ; The commandments were restored, the animals’ lives became similar to what Snowball had depicted, and an easier life is to come. But there still was much to be done – Frosty would see to that.

If Malgr Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive

If 'Malgr Que' Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive Malgrà © que  (even though, despite the fact that) is a conjunctive phrase (locution conjonctive) that requires the subjunctive when theres uncertainty or supposition, as in:Il le fait malgrà © quil pleuve.Hes doing it even though its raining. Je suis venu malgrà © que je n’aie pas vraiment le temps.I came even though I really don’t have time. The Heart of the Subjunctive This goes to the heart of the subjunctive  mood, which  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. The subjunctive can seem overwhelming, but the thing to remember is: the subjunctive subjectivity or  unreality. Use this mood enough and it will become second nature...and quite expressive. The French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different. For example:      Je veux que tu le fasses.   I want you to do it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.    It is necessary that we leave. Dependent Clauses Take the Subjunctive When They: Contain verbs and expressions that express someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice or a desireContain verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentimentsContain verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition  and opinionContain verbs and expressions, such as  croire que  (to believe that),  dire que  (to say that),  espà ©rer que  (to hope that),  Ãƒ ªtre certain que (to be certain that),  il paraà ®t que  (it appears that),  penser que  (to think that),  savoir que  (to know that),  trouver que  (to find/think that) and  vouloir dire que (to mean that), which only require the subjunctive when the clause is  negative or interrogatory. They  do  not  take the subjunctive when they are used in the affirmative, because they express facts that are considered certain- at least in the speakers mind.Contain French  conjunctive phrases  (locutions conjonc tives), groups of two or more words that have the same function as a conjunction and imply supposition.   Contain the  negative pronouns  ne ... personne  or  ne ... rien, or the  indefinite pronouns  quelquun  or  quelque chose. Follow main clauses containing  superlatives. Note that in such cases,  the subjunctive is optional, depending on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said.   Why Malgr Que Takes the Subjunctive Malgrà © que  is one of the conjunctive phrases (locutions conjonctives)  described in number 5, many of which are listed below. These require the subjunctive because they imply uncertainty and subjectivity; it is best to try to memorize them, although you can also decide according to the meaning of the tense. Malgrà © que  belongs to a subset of this category called opposition conjunctions, such as bien que, sauf que, sans que and others. These Conjunctive Phrases Take the Subjunctive condition que   provided that moins que  Ã‚  unless supposer que  Ã‚  assuming that afin que  Ã‚  so that avant que  Ã‚  before bien que  Ã‚  although de crainte que  Ã‚  for fear that de faà §on que  Ã‚  so that, in order that, in such a way that de manià ¨re que  Ã‚  so that de peur que  Ã‚  for fear that de sorte que  Ã‚  so that en admettant que  Ã‚  assuming that en attendant que  Ã‚  while, until encore que  Ã‚  even though jusqu ce que  Ã‚  until pour que  Ã‚  so that pourvu que  Ã‚  provided that quoique  Ã‚  even though quoi que  Ã‚  whatever, no matter what sans que  Ã‚  without Additional Resources The French SubjunctiveFrench ConjunctionsThe Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?

Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example

Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Example Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay Anova Hypothesis Testing Paper Essay ANOVA Hypothesis Testing Paper RES/342 July 5, 2011 University of Phoenix ANOVA Hypothesis Testing Paper According to Payscale. com an individual with a high school education entering the work force will earn less than an individual with the same level of education who has worked longer in that particular field (Harrison, 2010). Team A has selected data from the Wages and Wage Earners data set and will be using the analysis of variance, also known as ANOVA, to compare the mean of age groups 18 63 which were broken down into four age groups to compare the average salary of each age group and will determine the accuracy of Payscale’s claim. In this paper we discuss our research question and the hypothesis and show how we concluded the selected hypothesis. Research Question and Hypothesis Statement Is there a difference in earned wages for workers with a 12th grade education based on the age of the worker? At a five percent level of significance (? ), the team’s null hypothesis (H0) is that the mean scores are the same for the four groups 18-25, 26-33, 36-44, and 46-53. The alternate hypothesis (H1) is that at least one mean is different. These hypotheses are simply illustrated as: H0: ? roup 1 = ? group 2 = ? group 3 = ? group 4, H1: At least one mean is different. Five Steps Hypothesis Testing and Results of F Test Team A conducted the following steps to test their hypothesis. Step 1 – The null and alternate hypotheses: H0: ? group 1 = ? group 2 = ? group 3 = ? group 4 H1: At least one mean is different Step 2 – Select the level of significance: ? = . 05 Step 3 –Identify test statistic: Use the â€Å"F† distribution because this is an ANOVA test Step 4 – Formulate the decision rule Reject the null hypothesis if F-calculated is greater than 2. 85 (F-critical) Step # 5 – Calculate the test statistic, arrive at a decision, and state a conclusion: Degrees of freedom in the numerator: df= c-1= 4-1= 3 Degrees of freedom in the denominator: df = n-c = 43-4 = 39 Decision is to retain the null hypothesis. Conclusion is that a difference cannot be proven between wages of workers with a 12th grade education based upon age. p-value = 0. 086 Excel Output: Anova: Single Factor | | | | | | |SUMMARY | | | | | | | |Groups |Count |Sum |Average |Variance | | | |Group 1 |9 |165739 |18415. 44 |75696297 | | | |Group 2 |15 |349791 |23319. |75244077 | | | |Group 3 |9 |249868 |27763. 11 |1. 03E+08 | | | |Group 4 |10 |306802 |30680. 2 |2. 28E+08 | | | |ANOVA | | | | | | | |Source of Variation |SS |df |MS |F |P-value |F critical | |Between Groups |8. 4E+08 |3 |2. 75E+08 |2. 358418 |0. 086439 |2. 845068 | |Within Groups |4. 54E+09 |39 |1. 16E+08 | | | | |Total |5. 36E+09 |42 |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | | | Raw Data and Charts Wages and Wage Earners 2005 Data Set Yearly |Group 1 |Group 2 |Group 3 |Group 4 | |Wages | | | | | | |$11,186. 00 |$11,451. 00 |$18,121. 00 |$9,879. 00 | | |$20,852. 00 |$29,191. 00 |$26,614. 00 |$49,898. 0 | | |$14,476. 00 |$41,780. 00 |$33,411. 00 |$20,852. 00 | | |$16,667. 00 |$13,312. 00 |$22,485. 00 |$32,235. 00 | | |$15,234. 00 |$15,957. 00 |$21,994. 00 |$50,171. 00 | | |$39,888. 00 |$25,166. 00 |$28,440. 0 |$31,702. 00 | | |$13,162. 00 |$30,308. 00 |$50,187. 00 |$36,178. 00 | | |$20,793. 00 |$21,716. 00 |$31,799. 00 |$12,285. 00 | | |$13,481. 00 |$28,219. 00 |$16,817. 00 |$45,976. 00 | | | |$31,691. 0 | |$17,626. 00 | | | |$17,690. 00 | | | | | |$16,796. 00 | | | | | |$32,094. 00 | | | | | |$15,193. 0 | | | | | |$19,227. 00 | | | References Harrison, H. (2010). The Average Salary of High School Graduates. Retrieved July 2, 2011, from ehow. com/facts_5232664_average-salary-high-school-graduates. html [pic] Reject H0 Do not reject H0  ± =. 05 F = 2. 85 H0 ? =. 05 F = 2. 85

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 304 Essay

An outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 304 - Essay Example market. Theoretical frameworks of Porter’s five forces, Ansoff Matrix and Marketing Communication mix has been used in this paper. The paper suggests that AQC must continue with its quest of new product development primarily focusing on healthy products for consumers. A slightly high price can be charged from the consumers if they assume that the products provide functional value. The global fruit juice industry is also facing a number of challenges from the health organizations in the developed countries regarding their fatty contents and the amount of sugar in these drinks. It has therefore become difficult for fruit juice companies to retain their market share in face of volatile demand conditions. In this light, this paper makes an attempt to create a marketing plan for Atlantic Quench Cranberries (AQC), a US based agricultural cooperative which have pioneered in the production of canned fruit juices. AQC had a slow but steady beginning in 1930’s. It started as a cooperative which was initially controlled by three farmers from New Jersey and Massachusetts. Presently the company is the top player in the U.S. fruit juice market. The success story of AQC had been strong even in the United Kingdom ever since its entry in the U.K. market. This report provides an elaborate marketing plan for AQC in the next one year so that the company can increase its market share in the U.K. The government of the U.K. is trying to introduce measures to reduce obesity and fruit juices are items which contains high volume of saturated sugar. However, Atlantic Quench produces drinks with very low sugar content and low calories that provide chances of growth in the U.K. markets. The market conditions in the U.K. fruit juice industry are quite dynamic. An estimated growth of 10% has been noted in the value of fruit juice markets including the smoothies. Despite the

White Dwarf Stars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

White Dwarf Stars - Essay Example Mainly, white dwarfs’ string stretches through K-dwarf temperature region to approximately 4,000K (Kaler 182). Studies so far conducted refer these kind of stars as end state of evolved main sequence bodies having M less than 9M (Aerts & Christensen-Dalsgaard 111). However, their exact number is not well document due to numerous inaccuracies similar to the study of coolest main sequence dwarfs as well as brown dwarfs (Aerts & Christensen-Dalsgaard 111). Hence, prompting them to be more intriguing to study despite their varied aspects document by certain astronomical scholars including exact location in HRD diagram, which this study intends to highlight. Figure 1: Hertzsprung-Russel-Diagramm (HRD): White Dwarf location. 2010. Web. 16Th March 2014. Studies so far conducted contend temperatures for these stars in most cases usually range between 4,000K and 85,000K (Koupelis 408). However, these temperatures may be even higher under certain circumstances based on the extent of evolution or exhaustion of individual bodies comprising a given stream of galaxy (Koupelis 408). This implies exact measurements of their respective hotness are quite hard to ascertain and declare stars at certain region their exact temperature. Therefore, scientists end up giving temperatures with certain in term of ranges. Another intriguing aspect encompasses their respective masses whereby based on research they normally range between 0.02 and 1.4 solar masses (Koupelis 408). This is because a typical white dwarf is almost close to the size of planet earth (Koupelis 408). Hence, densities of these stars are quite high whereby approximately 106 cm3 grams. This implies a teaspoonful whose measure is about 5 cm3 would

Entrepreneurship Unit 5 - Global Entrepreneurship Research Paper

Entrepreneurship Unit 5 - Global Entrepreneurship - Research Paper Example In the case under consideration, for a business looking for a capital investment from third parties to expand the business into a full time entity it is necessary to develop a coherent and practical business plan. This section provides details of the product or service that a business provides and market that it intends to target. It must point out exactly the reason why the business will have a competitive advantage over the competitors (Finch, 2006). This part includes successful endeavors that the business has gone through so far. This might include contracts (if any) placed for development of products and services, marketing campaigns, office and production plant location (Betkoski & Lynne, 2000). The decision taken in the course of business implementation is what leads to the success of the business. A business plan entails all the resources applied in the business and further gauges the consequences of this resource utilization. This helps the entrepreneur make practical and real decisions and goals. If planning lacks, it will certainly leave no room for success (Betkoski & Lynne, 2000). It will rather leave a business in a state where proper decision making and actions plan will not be possible and thus, may cause the business to become unsuccessful. The business plan when prepared with the elements listed above, will give the entire organization the required workforce, goals and direction. It will serve as a roadmap to follow in helping the business strive through the thick and thin (Griffin, Ronald, & Frederick, 2005). A business plan is a compulsory and a well laid, multi faceted picture of the business, with multiple purposes as follows: A business plan as discussed above is a well maintained document which helps entrepreneurs develop practical and achievable goals in order for the company to operate effectively. A well prepared business plan can also give insight to the future performance of

Programming Solution Proposal Essay Example for Free

Programming Solution Proposal Essay Computer programs can help us solve everyday issues that might seem impossible. Household budgeting is an issue that burdens many Americans. Every individual is ultimately responsible for managing his or her finances. Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life quality. The program would have to follow the program development cycle model and use the modular approach. Identifying Budget Issues The biggest challenge that many American families are facing after the 2008 recession is managing a monthly budget adequately. The fact is that many families increased their debt by borrowing more than their allocated budget. Americans need to learn to live base on how much they earn. Our first reaction, when in debt, would be to make up excuses as to why we are in that situation. Some of us will even try to blame relatives or credit card companies when faced with excessive debt. It is families, who do not budget properly, that end up losing their homes and vehicles to banks or lenders (msn, 2009). Who is Responsible? The task of managing your budget according to your earnings is a decision and responsibility that is ultimately yours. The first step to take when budgeting is to acknowledge your debt problem and stop finding justifications for it. The problem can be excessively stressful and it is recommended to seek assistance through friends, family, or even better from an organization that guides people through debt reduction. A non-profit organization, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, will probably be the best option. To start getting a handle of the problem, one must establish a number of how much is owed (msn, 2009). Developing a Program Technology, at present day, is an important tool that can be used to our advantage to solve almost any issue. Many families that might be facing budgeting and even foreclosure issues might not be aware that such tools exist. The process of creating a computer program that will help us budget our monthly income can greatly improve our quality of life. Such program must follow the program development cycle and contain the three main components of a computer program; input, process, and output (Venit Drake, 2009). Program Development Cycle The first step of the program development cycle is to analyze the problem. We need to fully understand the problem that needs to be solved. We also need to analyze which information is available to us. The initial information available to us is our monthly net pay, and our monthly economic obligations. We also need to establish our desired output, establishing a budget, and determine how our known information will help us achieve those results. At this point we might also become aware of information that is not included but is necessary in order to identify the problem properly. Such information may include unexpected expenses, depositing money into a savings account, etc. (Venit Drake, 2009). The next step of the cycle is designing a program to solve the problem. The designing step of the program development cycle will yield a flowchart that will outline how the actual program is executed based on the known variables. The flowchart will include a starting point, inputs, assignments, If conditions, loops, outputs, and an ending point. The evaluation of each step of the program development cycle might yield additional subtasks that might need to be added to the original flowchart. This step also involves writing an algorithm in pseudocodes which will instruct the program on what to do. The last two steps of the cycle involve writing the pseudocode statements in program code. The program code will depend on which computer language is chosen. Finally the program needs to be executed to determine if it runs properly. A re-evaluation of the program might be needed if the program does not execute properly (Venit Drake, 2009). The goal of the program is to aid the average household to adequately manage a budget. Modular Approach The modular approach that will be taken to create this budgeting program will ensure the creation of the proper program to solve the issue. The approach will first consider the major tasks that need to be accomplished. A module will be created for each task in the program. The tasks can later be broken down into sub-tasks as deemed necessary by the programmer. These sub-tasks will then be assigned sub-modules. The amount of sub-tasks is determined by the complexity of the problem and how many are needed to solve the problem. The purpose of breaking down tasks is to make the program much easier and simpler. The model that is used to break down tasks is called the top-down design (Venit Drake, 2009). Conclusion Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life quality.

Changes in Eliza in Pygmalion :: George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion Essays

Changes in Eliza in Pygmalion Before Eliza first encountered Mr. Higgins, she was simply a dirty, yet caring girl in the gutter of London. During her time with both Mr. Higgins and Colonel Pickering, Eliza did change, for the fist few weeks of her stay in Wimpole Street, she questioned everything that Higgins asked her to do, and generally couldn't see how they would help her. Later, Eliza begins to understand that Higgins, as harsh as he is, is trying to do his best to teach her, and therefore should be respected. After the ambassador's ball, we see more of the old Eliza resurfacing. She starts to worry again, and since she has grown attached to Higgins and Pickering, is devastated to see their finding her so trivial. Eliza's basic character remains relatively unchanged. We can still observe the old Eliza, under the upper-class persona. The play, "Pygmalion" brings out the message that looks can be extremely deceiving, while touching on the issue that self presentation really does change the way peop le look at you. Act I of the play first introduces the reader to the rich of London. The author, Bernard Shaw, uses these well moneyed citizens to display the contrast between them and Eliza. In this act, Eliza has yet to be introduced to the world of the rich, and is portrayed by Shaw as in innocent dreamer. Eliza is concerned for her own safety, in making sure that it was know that she only wanted to sell a flower to the gentleman. She is persistent in a kind way; the reader sees this when she tries eagerly to sell to the gentleman without change. It becomes apparent that she is very poor, and needs success from her flower selling to live a life at all. Eliza shows great pride in her line of work, and that she stays above the law, not resorting to illegal prostitution or stealing. The introduction of Higgins taking down Eliza's speech gives the author a further chance to display Eliza's will to stay innocent and good. Another way that Shaw shows us the real Eliza is in the way that she starts crawling over the dirty ground to locate the money thrown down at her by Higgins.

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay

What microenvironmental factors affected both the first generation and second generation models of the Toyota Prius? How well has Toyota dealt with these factors? When the Prius was introduced in the US, it was quite shocking that it became such a big hit. The US auto market had been dominated by SUV’s for quite some time, and it seemed that a car that was small, slow and lacked power wouldn’t be attractive to American consumers. The advanced technology was very attractive to the â€Å"early adopters† and the consumers were willing to pay over the asking price to get a Prius. When gas prices soared so did the demand for the Prius. Toyota has dealt with these factors well. Successfully introducing a small hybrid into a market dominated by SUV’s is no small feat. Toyota’s success with the Prius is mainly due to their targeting strategy. By targeting the perfect group of consumers, sales and demand grew exponentially, and pricing has and continues to be at a premium. 2.Outline the major macroenvironmental factors – demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural – that have affected Prius sales. How well has Toyota dealt with each of these factors? Prius sales benefited from a number of macroenvironmental factors. When the Prius was first introduced, Toyota targeted the â€Å"early adopters,† a group of consumers that were interested in the advanced technology of the vehicle. Many of these owners found creative ways to modify and hack the computer system and chatted about it online. Another group of consumers that Toyota targeted were the environmentally conscious and/or consumers that desired more fuel efficiency. Both groups showed high demand for the Prius and were willing to pay premium pricing for the vehicle. Prius sales also benefited from factors such as monetary incentives offered by the federal and/or state governments in the form of tax breaks. Some states started issuing permits to hybrid owners to drive in the High Occupancy Vehicle lanes (even if there was only one person in the car), or even free parking. Furthermore, some environmentally friendly companies offered employees money towards the purchase of hybrid vehicles. In 2007-2008 gas prices skyrocketed to 3 dollars per gallon and in some states above 4 dollars per gallon which only made the demand for the Prius greater. Studies about the various hybrid vehicles on the market were published and the Prius was at the top of the list for value. Studies indicated the Prius along with the Civic were the only hybrid vehicles that allowed consumers to recover the initial investment and actually save money after five years and 75,000 miles. Overall, Toyota has dealt with these macroenvironmetal factors very well. It is evident that targeting the right demographics has really paid off. All of these macroenvironmental factors were to Toyota’s benefit. All increased the sales and demand for the Prius. The only problem Toyota was facing was keeping up with the demand. 3.Evaluate Toyota’s marketing strategy so far. What has Toyota done well? How might it improve its strategy? Toyota’s marketing strategy has been focused on forward thinking and targeting the right consumer groups. The first consumer group targeted was â€Å"early adopters† or techies that found interest in the advanced technology of the car. This was a good strategy for the introduction of the vehicle. This group showed high demand for the Prius and spread the word through online sources. The second consumer group was the environmentally conscious, and those who wanted better fuel efficiency. Toyota predicted that gas prices would increase, and when they went through the roof, sales and demand increased. I believe that Toyota has done very well with this strategy. The truth is in their sales and demand for the Prius. An improvement that Toyota could make is better production planning. It seems that so far, this has been the biggest challenge. Though Prius sales are very strong, sales would only increase with more production as long as the demand stays consistently high. 4.GM’s marketing director for new ventures, Ken Stewart, says â€Å"If you want to get a lot of hybrids on the road, you put them in vehicles that people are buying now.† This seems to summarize the U.S. automaker’s approach to hybrids. Would you agree with Mr. Stewart? Why or why not? I agree somewhat with Mr. Stewart. I think that putting hybrids into popular cars and small SUV’s would work, but it would not work with sports cars and trucks. Sports cars and trucks are generally purchased for their power, speed, and towing ability, not their fuel efficiency. The current hybrid technology would diminish the performance of sports cars and trucks, and would eliminate most of the benefits of owning either type of vehicle. On the other hand, introducing the hybrid technology in popular cars and small SUV’s would work well if the option was available at an attractive price. Improved fuel efficiency is desirable when purchasing a car as the average price per gallon of gasoline is only rising. In my opinion, they hybrid technology would be an attractive offer. Not only would it be practical, but it would save the consumer a lot of money in the long run, assuming that they keep the car for five or more years